Overview

This codebook summarizes findings and data about Vehicle-Living Status for Living in Vehicles and Not Living in Vehicles based on data from the University of Washington (UW) 2023 Seattle area homeless count project. The count was led by Zack W. Almquist (Lead - PI), Paul Hebert (Co-PI), Nathalie Williams (Puget Sound Data Oversample PI), Amy Hagopian (Co-PI), June (Junhe) Yang (Data Scientist Lead DSSG PhD).

The data were collected using two different surveys, referred to as UWRDS and UWRDS-PSD in the codebook. Data from both surveys were harmonized for this codebook. We note where question phrasing differed across surveys and when a variable was collected in only one survey.

This codebook and corresponding links were compiled by Data Science for Social Good (DSSG) summer fellows, in alphabetical order:
- Felix Junior Appiah Kubi,
- Brooke Kaye,
- Jess Robinson, and
- Rebecca Schachtman,
with the support of Data Scientist, June (Junhe) Yang, and Project Lead, Zack Almquist.

We employ RDS methods for the population level statistics (details, here). For information on funding and a full list of contributors, see Acknowledgements.

Summary

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Living in Vehicles 161 15% 13% [10%, 17%]
Not Living in Vehicles 936 85% 87% [83%, 90%]
Total 1097 100% 100%

The proportion of the population experiencing homeless who are Living in Vehicles is 13%. The proportion of the population experiencing homeless who are Not Living in Vehicles is 87%.

Demographics

Gender

Imputed based on ‘B4. How would you describe your gender?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘25. Which of the following best describes your gender?’ [UWRDS]

Living in Vehicles
Gender Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
A gender other than singularly female or male (e.g., nonbinary, genderfluid, agender, culturally specific gender) 2 1.33% 1.62% [0.91%, 2.32%]
Do not know 0 NA NA NA
Female 59 39.33% 39.21% [24.10%, 54.32%]
Male 89 59.33% 59.18% [43.97%, 74.38%]
Questioning 0 NA NA NA
Transgender 0 NA NA NA
Total 150
Not Living in Vehicles
Gender Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
A gender other than singularly female or male (e.g., nonbinary, genderfluid, agender, culturally specific gender) 8 0.93% 1.22% [0.29%, 2.14%]
Do not know 1 0.12% 0.15% [-0.08%, 0.38%]
Female 218 25.26% 24.55% [18.31%, 30.80%]
Male 628 72.77% 73.21% [66.97%, 79.44%]
Questioning 5 0.58% 0.47% [0.34%, 0.60%]
Transgender 3 0.35% 0.40% [-0.10%, 0.91%]
Total 863

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 14.13\), (p = 0.252). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Race

Imputed based on ‘B18. Which one or more of the following would you say best describes your race, heritage, or ancestry?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’ [UWRDS]

Race (Overall)

Living in Vehicles
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 6 4.32% 6.80% [-6.07%, 19.670%]
Another race 2 1.44% 1.49% [0.41%, 2.560%]
Asian or Asian American 3 2.16% 3.90% [-7.92%, 15.710%]
Black, African American, or African 17 12.23% 8.98% [2.70%, 15.270%]
Do not know 2 1.44% 1.01% [0.44%, 1.580%]
Multiracial 25 17.99% 17.99% [7.83%, 28.140%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0 NA NA NA
White 84 60.43% 59.83% [43.23%, 76.440%]
Total 139
Not Living in Vehicles
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 71 8.57% 9.23% [5.41%, 13.040%]
Another race 12 1.45% 2.28% [-0.03%, 4.590%]
Asian or Asian American 17 2.05% 2.57% [-0.11%, 5.240%]
Black, African American, or African 146 17.63% 20.07% [14.41%, 25.730%]
Do not know 15 1.81% 2.32% [-0.60%, 5.250%]
Multiracial 104 12.56% 12.74% [8.30%, 17.180%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 24 2.90% 2.62% [0.87%, 4.380%]
White 439 53.02% 48.17% [41.58%, 54.760%]
Total 828

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 17.89\), (p = 0.645). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Race - Multiracial (Black)

Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Black based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’

Living in Vehicles
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 14 10.07% 13.13% [-1.16%, 27.41%]
Another race 2 1.44% 1.49% [0.41%, 2.56%]
Asian or Asian American 4 2.88% 4.32% [-7.44%, 16.09%]
Black, African American, or African 31 22.30% 17.67% [8.95%, 26.39%]
Do not know 2 1.44% 1.01% [0.44%, 1.58%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 1 0.72% 2.13% [-2.44%, 6.69%]
White 85 61.15% 60.26% [43.65%, 76.87%]
Total 139
Not Living in Vehicles
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 122 14.73% 15.57% [10.76%, 20.38%]
Another race 12 1.45% 2.28% [-0.03%, 4.59%]
Asian or Asian American 21 2.54% 3.10% [0.36%, 5.84%]
Black, African American, or African 186 22.46% 24.53% [18.69%, 30.37%]
Do not know 15 1.81% 2.32% [-0.60%, 5.25%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 31 3.74% 3.77% [0.85%, 6.69%]
White 441 53.26% 48.43% [41.83%, 55.03%]
Total 828

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 7.98\), (p = 0.966). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Race - Multiracial (Indigenous)

Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Indigenous based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’

Living in Vehicles
Race (Indigeneous) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 24 17.27% 18.45% [4.37%, 32.53%]
Another race 2 1.44% 1.49% [0.41%, 2.56%]
Asian or Asian American 4 2.88% 4.32% [-7.44%, 16.09%]
Black, African American, or African 21 15.11% 12.35% [4.94%, 19.76%]
Do not know 2 1.44% 1.01% [0.44%, 1.58%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 1 0.72% 2.13% [-2.44%, 6.69%]
White 85 61.15% 60.26% [43.65%, 76.87%]
Total 139
Not Living in Vehicles
Race (Indigeneous) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 153 18.48% 19.10% [14.02%, 24.17%]
Another race 12 1.45% 2.28% [-0.03%, 4.59%]
Asian or Asian American 21 2.54% 3.10% [0.36%, 5.84%]
Black, African American, or African 155 18.72% 21.00% [15.31%, 26.69%]
Do not know 15 1.81% 2.32% [-0.60%, 5.25%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 31 3.74% 3.77% [0.85%, 6.69%]
White 441 53.26% 48.43% [41.83%, 55.03%]
Total 828

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 9.47\), (p = 0.939). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Race - Multiracial (Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander)

Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’

Living in Vehicles
Race (PI) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 12 8.63% 10.86% [-1.75%, 23.47%]
Another race 2 1.44% 1.49% [0.41%, 2.56%]
Asian or Asian American 4 2.88% 4.32% [-7.44%, 16.09%]
Black, African American, or African 26 18.71% 14.24% [6.96%, 21.53%]
Do not know 2 1.44% 1.01% [0.44%, 1.58%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 8 5.76% 7.82% [-1.61%, 17.24%]
White 85 61.15% 60.26% [43.65%, 76.87%]
Total 139
Not Living in Vehicles
Race (PI) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 117 14.13% 14.72% [9.95%, 19.49%]
Another race 12 1.45% 2.28% [-0.03%, 4.59%]
Asian or Asian American 21 2.54% 3.10% [0.36%, 5.84%]
Black, African American, or African 171 20.65% 22.67% [16.85%, 28.50%]
Do not know 15 1.81% 2.32% [-0.60%, 5.25%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 51 6.16% 6.47% [3.37%, 9.57%]
White 441 53.26% 48.43% [41.83%, 55.03%]
Total 828

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 9.54\), (p = 0.856). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Ethnicity

Imputed based on ‘B16. Do you consider yourself Hispanic or Latinx’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘24. What is your ethnicity?’ [UWRDS]

Living in Vehicles
Ethnicity Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Do not know 5 3.4% 1.98% [0.47%, 3.49%]
Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) 25 17.2% 17.56% [7.53%, 27.60%]
Non-Hispanic/Non-Latin(a)(o)(x) 115 79.3% 80.46% [70.22%, 90.69%]
Total 145
Not Living in Vehicles
Ethnicity Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Do not know 16 1.9% 2.15% [0.26%, 4.04%]
Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) 121 14.4% 14.99% [9.76%, 20.22%]
Non-Hispanic/Non-Latin(a)(o)(x) 705 83.7% 82.86% [77.43%, 88.29%]
Total 842

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.58\), (p = 0.929). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Age

Date of Birth

Age (Categorical)

Imputed based on ‘A2. How old are you?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘4. Date of Birth’ [UWRDS]

Living in Vehicles
Age Category Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
18-24 5 3.33% 4.85% [-1.87%, 11.56%]
25-34 32 21.33% 20.00% [8.31%, 31.69%]
35-44 37 24.67% 23.82% [9.62%, 38.02%]
45-54 33 22.00% 18.93% [6.92%, 30.94%]
55-64 32 21.33% 22.65% [8.15%, 37.15%]
65+ 11 7.33% 9.75% [1.34%, 18.17%]
Total 150
Not Living in Vehicles
Age Category Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
18-24 21 2.42% 3.12% [0.05%, 6.19%]
25-34 176 20.28% 21.32% [15.70%, 26.95%]
35-44 265 30.53% 29.39% [23.64%, 35.13%]
45-54 207 23.85% 23.43% [17.97%, 28.89%]
55-64 148 17.05% 16.06% [12.47%, 19.65%]
65+ 51 5.88% 6.68% [3.05%, 10.32%]
Total 868

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 7.95\), (p = 0.74). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Age (Continuous)

Age - Imputed from ‘4. Date of Birth’

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 868 43 44.65 0.42 44.43 [42.61, 46.25]
Living in Vehicles 150 45 45.20 1.13 45.91 [41.73, 50.09]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(592.36) = 0.64, (p= 0.525).

Birthplace

Birth State

‘8. Birthplace: - State - In what city and state were you born? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Birth State Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Alabama 1 0.890% 0.200% [0.050%, 0.360%]
Alaska 5 4.460% 4.120% [2.330%, 5.910%]
Arizona 2 1.790% 3.390% [-7.900%, 14.680%]
Arkansas 0 NA NA NA
California 13 11.610% 10.710% [-5.360%, 26.770%]
Colorado 0 NA NA NA
Connecticut 0 NA NA NA
Florida 2 1.790% 1.630% [-0.290%, 3.550%]
Georgia 1 0.890% 1.530% [-3.020%, 6.070%]
Hawaii 0 NA NA NA
Idaho 3 2.680% 4.830% [-10.570%, 20.230%]
Illinois 3 2.680% 4.040% [-4.890%, 12.980%]
Indiana 0 NA NA NA
Iowa 1 0.890% 1.020% [0.110%, 1.920%]
Kansas 1 0.890% 0.760% [-1.080%, 2.600%]
Kentucky 0 NA NA NA
Louisiana 1 0.890% 0.310% [0.040%, 0.580%]
Massachusetts 2 1.790% 1.400% [-1.270%, 4.070%]
Michigan 2 1.790% 1.730% [-3.880%, 7.340%]
Minnesota 0 NA NA NA
Mississippi 0 NA NA NA
Missouri 1 0.890% 0.610% [0.190%, 1.030%]
Montana 2 1.790% 1.220% [-0.510%, 2.950%]
Nebraska 0 NA NA NA
Nevada 0 NA NA NA
New Hampshire 0 NA NA NA
New Jersey 0 NA NA NA
New Mexico 1 0.890% 1.530% [-0.440%, 3.490%]
New York 4 3.570% 3.080% [0.900%, 5.250%]
North Carolina 0 NA NA NA
North Dakota 1 0.890% 0.340% [-0.040%, 0.720%]
Ohio 3 2.680% 5.600% [-11.610%, 22.800%]
Oklahoma 1 0.890% 0.280% [0.080%, 0.470%]
Oregon 1 0.890% 0.230% [0.060%, 0.410%]
Pennsylvania 1 0.890% 1.530% [0.900%, 2.160%]
South Carolina 1 0.890% 0.440% [0.160%, 0.720%]
South Dakota 0 NA NA NA
Tennessee 2 1.790% 2.290% [-5.240%, 9.820%]
Texas 2 1.790% 1.220% [0.550%, 1.890%]
Utah 1 0.890% 1.530% [-0.830%, 3.880%]
Vermont 0 NA NA NA
Virginia 0 NA NA NA
Washington 53 47.320% 43.700% [24.510%, 62.880%]
West Virginia 0 NA NA NA
Wisconsin 0 NA NA NA
Wyoming 0 NA NA NA
Maine 1 0.890% 0.760% [0.380%, 1.140%]
Total 112
Not Living in Vehicles
Birth State Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Alabama 5 0.750% 1.260% [-1.450%, 3.980%]
Alaska 12 1.800% 1.560% [0.680%, 2.440%]
Arizona 6 0.900% 1.300% [-1.130%, 3.730%]
Arkansas 5 0.750% 0.920% [0.060%, 1.770%]
California 72 10.830% 9.630% [6.040%, 13.220%]
Colorado 12 1.800% 1.290% [0.820%, 1.760%]
Connecticut 2 0.300% 0.100% [0.070%, 0.130%]
Florida 23 3.460% 5.170% [0.960%, 9.370%]
Georgia 4 0.600% 0.850% [-0.630%, 2.320%]
Hawaii 5 0.750% 0.950% [-1.420%, 3.320%]
Idaho 3 0.450% 0.480% [0.090%, 0.860%]
Illinois 13 1.950% 1.940% [1.190%, 2.700%]
Indiana 4 0.600% 0.690% [0.450%, 0.940%]
Iowa 4 0.600% 1.070% [-2.090%, 4.230%]
Kansas 9 1.350% 1.710% [-0.950%, 4.370%]
Kentucky 6 0.900% 0.620% [-0.120%, 1.350%]
Louisiana 7 1.050% 1.200% [-0.770%, 3.160%]
Massachusetts 2 0.300% 0.480% [0.350%, 0.600%]
Michigan 11 1.650% 1.410% [0.930%, 1.890%]
Minnesota 10 1.500% 2.480% [0.040%, 4.910%]
Mississippi 2 0.300% 0.190% [0.000%, 0.390%]
Missouri 7 1.050% 0.740% [0.030%, 1.450%]
Montana 15 2.260% 1.880% [-0.580%, 4.330%]
Nebraska 4 0.600% 0.630% [-1.520%, 2.770%]
Nevada 1 0.150% 0.420% [0.210%, 0.620%]
New Hampshire 1 0.150% 0.210% [-0.490%, 0.910%]
New Jersey 8 1.200% 1.340% [-0.390%, 3.070%]
New Mexico 6 0.900% 1.000% [-1.530%, 3.520%]
New York 7 1.050% 1.260% [-0.740%, 3.260%]
North Carolina 4 0.600% 0.660% [-0.050%, 1.370%]
North Dakota 4 0.600% 0.550% [0.320%, 0.770%]
Ohio 7 1.050% 1.410% [-0.100%, 2.920%]
Oklahoma 6 0.900% 1.280% [-0.850%, 3.400%]
Oregon 19 2.860% 3.040% [1.550%, 4.530%]
Pennsylvania 7 1.050% 0.980% [-1.350%, 3.300%]
South Carolina 3 0.450% 0.230% [0.070%, 0.380%]
South Dakota 2 0.300% 0.240% [-0.530%, 1.000%]
Tennessee 7 1.050% 0.450% [0.200%, 0.690%]
Texas 19 2.860% 3.350% [1.680%, 5.030%]
Utah 3 0.450% 0.380% [-0.290%, 1.040%]
Vermont 1 0.150% 0.100% [0.010%, 0.200%]
Virginia 3 0.450% 0.640% [-1.480%, 2.760%]
Washington 304 45.710% 42.380% [35.170%, 49.590%]
West Virginia 4 0.600% 0.540% [-0.160%, 1.240%]
Wisconsin 5 0.750% 0.900% [0.170%, 1.630%]
Wyoming 1 0.150% 0.140% [0.110%, 0.170%]
Maine 0 NA NA NA
Total 665

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 60.72\), (p = 0.995). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Birth Country

‘8. Birthplace: - Country - In what city and state were you born? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Birth Country Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Burma 0 NA NA NA
Canada 0 NA NA NA
Dominican Republic 0 NA NA NA
Ethiopia 0 NA NA NA
Germany 2 1.61% 2.960% [-9.72%, 15.640%]
Grenada 0 NA NA NA
Guam 0 NA NA NA
Honduras 0 NA NA NA
India 0 NA NA NA
Iran 0 NA NA NA
Japan 0 NA NA NA
Jordan 0 NA NA NA
Kazakhstan 1 0.81% 0.170% [0.03%, 0.310%]
Kenya 0 NA NA NA
Korea 0 NA NA NA
Laos 0 NA NA NA
Lebanon 0 NA NA NA
Lunpranba 0 NA NA NA
Marianas islands 0 NA NA NA
Mexico 1 0.81% 2.540% [-1.12%, 6.200%]
Mumbai india 0 NA NA NA
Palau 0 NA NA NA
Philippines 3 2.42% 4.650% [-8.47%, 17.770%]
Puerto Rico 0 NA NA NA
Romania 0 NA NA NA
Russia 0 NA NA NA
Scotland 0 NA NA NA
Somalia 0 NA NA NA
South korea 0 NA NA NA
UK 0 NA NA NA
United States 112 90.32% 83.130% [65.66%, 100.600%]
Costa Rica 1 0.81% 2.540% [1.26%, 3.810%]
France 1 0.81% 1.270% [-1.85%, 4.390%]
Haiti 1 0.81% 0.630% [0.27%, 1.000%]
Italy 1 0.81% 1.270% [-1.24%, 3.770%]
Ukraine 1 0.81% 0.850% [-0.83%, 2.530%]
Total 124
Not Living in Vehicles
Birth Country Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Burma 1 0.14% 0.390% [-1.15%, 1.920%]
Canada 4 0.56% 0.940% [-1.22%, 3.100%]
Dominican Republic 1 0.14% 0.040% [0.02%, 0.060%]
Ethiopia 3 0.42% 0.680% [0.41%, 0.950%]
Germany 1 0.14% 0.030% [0.02%, 0.030%]
Grenada 1 0.14% 0.190% [-0.33%, 0.720%]
Guam 2 0.28% 0.520% [-0.95%, 1.990%]
Honduras 1 0.14% 0.130% [-0.03%, 0.290%]
India 2 0.28% 0.190% [0.14%, 0.250%]
Iran 1 0.14% 0.190% [0.15%, 0.230%]
Japan 1 0.14% 0.060% [0.04%, 0.090%]
Jordan 1 0.14% 0.190% [-0.56%, 0.950%]
Kazakhstan 1 0.14% 0.190% [-0.08%, 0.470%]
Kenya 2 0.28% 0.090% [0.02%, 0.160%]
Korea 1 0.14% 0.040% [0.01%, 0.070%]
Laos 1 0.14% 0.190% [0.08%, 0.310%]
Lebanon 1 0.14% 0.130% [0.02%, 0.240%]
Lunpranba 1 0.14% 0.190% [0.02%, 0.370%]
Marianas islands 1 0.14% 0.030% [0.01%, 0.040%]
Mexico 4 0.56% 0.600% [-0.04%, 1.230%]
Mumbai india 1 0.14% 0.390% [-1.42%, 2.200%]
Palau 1 0.14% 0.100% [-0.03%, 0.230%]
Philippines 1 0.14% 0.050% [0.03%, 0.070%]
Puerto Rico 1 0.14% 0.130% [-0.21%, 0.460%]
Romania 1 0.14% 0.130% [0.06%, 0.200%]
Russia 1 0.14% 0.190% [-0.50%, 0.880%]
Scotland 1 0.14% 0.190% [-0.38%, 0.770%]
Somalia 2 0.28% 0.160% [0.03%, 0.280%]
South korea 1 0.14% 0.130% [0.09%, 0.170%]
UK 1 0.14% 0.130% [-0.15%, 0.410%]
United States 667 94.08% 93.380% [89.65%, 97.110%]
Costa Rica 0 NA NA NA
France 0 NA NA NA
Haiti 0 NA NA NA
Italy 0 NA NA NA
Ukraine 0 NA NA NA
Total 709

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 101.79\), (p = 0.993). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Years Lived in King County

‘9. How long have you lived in King County? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 729 18 21.19 0.65 19.88 [17.39, 22.37]
Living in Vehicles 127 20 23.61 1.56 23.39 [16.18, 30.59]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(502.76) = 0.9, (p= 0.368).

Health

Health Status

Imputed based on ‘D1. In general, would you say your health is’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘16. How would you rate your health status?’ [UWRDS]

Living in Vehicles
Ego Health Status Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Excellent 16 10.74% 11.23% [3.05%, 19.42%]
Fair 62 41.61% 42.72% [26.41%, 59.03%]
Good 54 36.24% 34.22% [19.92%, 48.52%]
Poor 17 11.41% 11.82% [3.66%, 19.99%]
Total 149
Not Living in Vehicles
Ego Health Status Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Excellent 85 9.83% 10.88% [7.32%, 14.45%]
Fair 327 37.80% 36.96% [30.74%, 43.18%]
Good 342 39.54% 37.84% [31.73%, 43.95%]
Poor 111 12.83% 14.32% [9.31%, 19.32%]
Total 865

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 1.95\), (p = 0.738). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Disability

‘21. Do you identify as having a disability?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Have a Disability Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 1 0.79% 2.44% [-9.32%, 14.20%]
Do not know 3 2.36% 4.47% [-2.85%, 11.80%]
No 54 42.52% 39.74% [21.29%, 58.19%]
Yes 69 54.33% 53.35% [35.35%, 71.35%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Have a Disability Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 7 0.96% 1.09% [-0.08%, 2.26%]
Do not know 20 2.75% 3.08% [0.62%, 5.55%]
No 325 44.70% 47.63% [40.48%, 54.78%]
Yes 375 51.58% 48.20% [41.11%, 55.30%]
Total 727

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 3.61\), (p = 0.88). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Mental Illness

‘20. Do you identify as having a serious mental illness?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Have a Mental Illness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 2 1.57% 3.25% [-8.44%, 14.9%]
Do not know 2 1.57% 3.66% [-5.03%, 12.4%]
No 75 59.06% 59.87% [41.58%, 78.2%]
Yes 48 37.80% 33.22% [16.10%, 50.3%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Have a Mental Illness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 10 1.37% 1.85% [0.14%, 3.6%]
Do not know 21 2.88% 3.05% [-0.18%, 6.3%]
No 433 59.48% 62.34% [55.66%, 69.0%]
Yes 264 36.26% 32.76% [26.50%, 39.0%]
Total 728

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 1.1\), (p = 0.905). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Substance Use

‘22. Do you identify as having a substance use disorder?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Have a Substance Use Disorder Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 3 2.36% 3.8% [-2.93%, 10.6%]
No 63 49.61% 55.0% [37.30%, 72.7%]
Yes 61 48.03% 41.2% [23.77%, 58.6%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Have a Substance Use Disorder Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 12 1.65% 2.4% [-0.55%, 5.2%]
Do not know 4 0.55% 1.0% [-1.51%, 3.5%]
No 365 50.21% 53.6% [46.51%, 60.7%]
Yes 346 47.59% 43.1% [36.14%, 50.0%]
Total 727

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 8.01\), (p = 0.309). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Eviction

Ever Evicted

Imputed based on ‘15. Have you ever been evicted from a rental property?’ [UWRDS] and ‘Now think about the last place you lived, before you moved to your current residence. Were you forcibly evicted from that last place you lived?’ [UWRDS-PSD]

Living in Vehicles
Ever Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 95 70.4% 70.2% [53.3%, 87.0%]
Yes 40 29.6% 29.8% [13.0%, 46.7%]
Total 135
Not Living in Vehicles
Ever Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 601 75.6% 76.7% [71.0%, 82.3%]
Yes 194 24.4% 23.3% [17.7%, 29.0%]
Total 795

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 2.32\), (p = 0.369). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Age at Eviction

Imputed based on ‘15.1 How old were you? (please enter a number, for example: 30) [if yes to ’15. Have you ever been evicted from a rental property?’]’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 168 28 31.33 0.97 31.32 [28.33, 34.3]
Living in Vehicles 39 28 30.97 2.23 34.65 [23, 46.31]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(151.85) = 0.54, (p= 0.588).

If Evicted, Ever Formally Evicted

‘15.2 Were you formally evicted by court order?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Ever Formally Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 22 56.4% 59.0% [30.6%, 87.3%]
Yes 17 43.6% 41.0% [12.7%, 69.4%]
Total 39
Not Living in Vehicles
Ever Formally Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 86 51.5% 51.6% [36.3%, 66.8%]
Yes 81 48.5% 48.4% [33.2%, 63.7%]
Total 167

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.59\), (p = 0.568). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Sleep Status

Location Slept Previous Night

Where did you sleep last night?

Respondent’s sleep location based on ‘A. Regular residence’ in [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘7. Where did you sleep last night?’ [UWRDS]

Living in Vehicles
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
“Tiny home” 0 NA NA NA
Apartment 0 NA NA NA
Homeless shelter or hotel 0 NA NA NA
No residence, I sleep outdoors 0 NA NA NA
Single-family house 0 NA NA NA
Something else 0 NA NA NA
Tent or homemade structure 0 NA NA NA
Car or RV 159 98.76% 98.19% [94.96%, 101.42%]
Mobile home or trailer 2 1.24% 1.81% [-1.42%, 5.04%]
Total 161
Not Living in Vehicles
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
“Tiny home” 4 0.43% 0.34% [0.01%, 0.66%]
Apartment 8 0.87% 1.35% [-0.43%, 3.13%]
Homeless shelter or hotel 100 10.87% 11.84% [6.93%, 16.76%]
No residence, I sleep outdoors 252 27.39% 30.13% [23.82%, 36.43%]
Single-family house 3 0.33% 0.42% [-0.01%, 0.85%]
Something else 298 32.39% 31.27% [25.43%, 37.10%]
Tent or homemade structure 255 27.72% 24.66% [19.67%, 29.65%]
Car or RV 0 NA NA NA
Mobile home or trailer 0 NA NA NA
Total 920

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is significant at the .05 level, \(\chi^2 = 1073.99\), (p = 0). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Re-coded: Where did you sleep last night?

7. Where did you sleep last night? - Imputed

Living in Vehicles
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Chose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Commercial property (e.g. shops) 0 NA NA NA
Did not sleep 0 NA NA NA
Doubled-up: couchsurfing, staying with friend or family 0 NA NA NA
Housed, other (e.g. in apartment, house) 0 NA NA NA
In a hotel or motel 0 NA NA NA
In a park (uncovered, like on a bench) 0 NA NA NA
In a public facility or transit (bus/train station, transit center, hospital waiting room) 0 NA NA NA
In an abandoned building/backyard or storage structure 0 NA NA NA
In an overnight shelter (e.g. mission, church, resource shelter, etc.) 0 NA NA NA
Institutions such as jails, hospitals, or nursing facilities 0 NA NA NA
Maritime accommodation (e.g. boats, cargo) 0 NA NA NA
Outside in a tent (or tent-like structure) 0 NA NA NA
Outside, not in a tent 0 NA NA NA
Subsidized housing, housing vouchers 0 NA NA NA
Tiny homes (not self-constructed) 0 NA NA NA
Transitional, supportive, or halfway housing 0 NA NA NA
Unsure, unknown, ambiguous 0 NA NA NA
Workplace 0 NA NA NA
In a car, truck, or van (smaller vehicle) 81 63.78% 68.30% [53.59%, 83.01%]
In an RV, trailer, or bus (larger vehicle) 46 36.22% 31.70% [16.99%, 46.41%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Chose not to answer 2 0.27% 0.23% [-0.20%, 0.67%]
Commercial property (e.g. shops) 1 0.14% 0.19% [-0.33%, 0.71%]
Did not sleep 18 2.47% 1.88% [0.93%, 2.82%]
Doubled-up: couchsurfing, staying with friend or family 113 15.50% 14.10% [9.27%, 18.93%]
Housed, other (e.g. in apartment, house) 49 6.72% 6.38% [3.74%, 9.01%]
In a hotel or motel 20 2.74% 3.32% [0.23%, 6.41%]
In a park (uncovered, like on a bench) 19 2.61% 2.70% [1.68%, 3.71%]
In a public facility or transit (bus/train station, transit center, hospital waiting room) 41 5.62% 6.61% [3.30%, 9.92%]
In an abandoned building/backyard or storage structure 16 2.19% 2.05% [-0.02%, 4.11%]
In an overnight shelter (e.g. mission, church, resource shelter, etc.) 63 8.64% 9.99% [4.68%, 15.30%]
Institutions such as jails, hospitals, or nursing facilities 2 0.27% 0.31% [-0.05%, 0.67%]
Maritime accommodation (e.g. boats, cargo) 3 0.41% 0.53% [0.10%, 0.96%]
Outside in a tent (or tent-like structure) 194 26.61% 23.31% [17.87%, 28.75%]
Outside, not in a tent 166 22.77% 25.18% [18.24%, 32.12%]
Subsidized housing, housing vouchers 4 0.55% 0.66% [-1.19%, 2.52%]
Tiny homes (not self-constructed) 3 0.41% 0.27% [-0.07%, 0.60%]
Transitional, supportive, or halfway housing 3 0.41% 0.45% [-1.56%, 2.47%]
Unsure, unknown, ambiguous 11 1.51% 1.72% [0.07%, 3.38%]
Workplace 1 0.14% 0.12% [0.10%, 0.15%]
In a car, truck, or van (smaller vehicle) 0 NA NA NA
In an RV, trailer, or bus (larger vehicle) 0 NA NA NA
Total 729

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is significant at the .05 level, \(\chi^2 = 801.35\), (p = 0). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Sheltered vs. Unsheltered

Binary variable representing sheltered status based on previous sleep location for respondent

Living in Vehicles
Sheltered vs. Unsheltered Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Sheltered 0 NA NA NA
Unsheltered 161 100% 100% [100%, 100%]
Total 161
Not Living in Vehicles
Sheltered vs. Unsheltered Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Sheltered 111 16% 17% [10%, 24%]
Unsheltered 587 84% 83% [76%, 90%]
Total 698

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is significant at the .05 level, \(\chi^2 = 28.56\), (p = 0). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Would Accept Shelter

‘12. If you were offered a space in an emergency shelter this week, would you accept?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Would Accept Shelter Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 61 48.03% 45.8% [28.52%, 63.06%]
Prefer not to answer 6 4.72% 2.5% [1.01%, 3.91%]
Yes 60 47.24% 51.8% [34.08%, 69.42%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Would Accept Shelter Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 286 39.23% 40.7% [33.73%, 47.73%]
Prefer not to answer 28 3.84% 4.2% [0.68%, 7.67%]
Yes 415 56.93% 55.1% [47.89%, 62.29%]
Total 729

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 1.45\), (p = 0.813). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

If Accepting, Shelter Preference

Variable based on Which of the following would you prefer for an emergency shelter? - Imputed. This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Shelter Preference Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Prefers Hotel or Motel 11 73.3% 72.7% [23.1%, 122.3%]
Prefers Indoor Overnight Shelter 0 NA NA NA
Prefers Safe Parking Space to Live in Vehicle 0 NA NA NA
Prefers Tiny House Village 4 26.7% 27.3% [-22.3%, 76.9%]
Total 15
Not Living in Vehicles
Shelter Preference Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Prefers Hotel or Motel 72 59.5% 54.1% [36.0%, 72.2%]
Prefers Indoor Overnight Shelter 19 15.7% 14.1% [7.1%, 21.1%]
Prefers Safe Parking Space to Live in Vehicle 5 4.1% 5.6% [-2.2%, 13.3%]
Prefers Tiny House Village 25 20.7% 26.2% [8.3%, 44.1%]
Total 121

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 4.28\), (p = 0.725). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Experience of Homelessness

First Year Experiencing Homelessness

‘10. What year was your first experience of homelessness?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 723 2014 2009.65 0.47 2009.70 [2007.55, 2011.85]
Living in Vehicles 127 2013 2010.97 0.90 2011.45 [2009.02, 2013.88]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(455.34) = 1.06, (p= 0.29).

Time Experiencing Homelessness

Imputed based on ‘About how long have you been homeless’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘17. How long have you been homeless this time?’ [UWRDS-PSD]

Living in Vehicles
Duration Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Above one year 110 74.32% 69.46% [53.67%, 85.3%]
Choose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 0 NA NA NA
Less than a month 10 6.76% 8.49% [3.90%, 13.1%]
More than a month but Less than a year 28 18.92% 22.05% [6.09%, 38.0%]
Total 148
Not Living in Vehicles
Duration Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Above one year 612 72.60% 69.58% [63.25%, 75.9%]
Choose not to answer 15 1.78% 1.98% [-0.36%, 4.3%]
Do not know 10 1.19% 0.85% [0.21%, 1.5%]
Less than a month 38 4.51% 5.62% [1.90%, 9.3%]
More than a month but Less than a year 168 19.93% 21.97% [16.39%, 27.6%]
Total 843

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 5.27\), (p = 0.463). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests.

Days Homeless in Past Three Years

‘If you added up all the times you have been homeless in the last 3 years, about how long have you been homeless? - Imputed Total Days’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 733 1095 792.21 14.42 771.83 [709.03, 834.63]
Living in Vehicles 127 1095 849.92 32.40 852.26 [732.49, 972.03]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(497.53) = 1.17, (p= 0.244).

Number of Times Homeless in Past Three Years

‘18. Including this time, how many different times have you been homeless in the past 3 years, that is since April 2020?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Times Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
1 time 86 67.72% 61.15% [42.90%, 79.41%]
2 times 18 14.17% 16.62% [-0.08%, 33.32%]
3 times 12 9.45% 13.14% [0.27%, 26.00%]
4 or more times 9 7.09% 8.08% [0.97%, 15.18%]
Choose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 2 1.57% 1.02% [-0.87%, 2.91%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Times Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
1 time 483 66.35% 66.40% [59.57%, 73.23%]
2 times 96 13.19% 14.08% [8.28%, 19.88%]
3 times 38 5.22% 5.14% [3.28%, 7.01%]
4 or more times 80 10.99% 9.65% [5.59%, 13.71%]
Choose not to answer 15 2.06% 2.23% [0.20%, 4.25%]
Do not know 16 2.20% 2.50% [-0.11%, 5.11%]
Total 728

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 13.81\), (p = 0.363). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Experiencing Chronic Homelessness

Binary imputed variable for HUD’s chronic homelessness designation

Living in Vehicles
Experiencing Chronic Homelessness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 41 32% 39.0% [19.72%, 58.25%]
Yes 86 68% 61.0% [41.75%, 80.28%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Experiencing Chronic Homelessness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 314 43% 48.3% [41.02%, 55.61%]
Yes 419 57% 51.7% [44.39%, 58.98%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 3.23\), (p = 0.058). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Connections

Number of Estimated Homeless People Known

Outside of your family living with you, how many people do you personally know who are unhoused or experiencing homelessness? - Imputed

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 886 10 81.86 26.19 89.7 [-30.01, 209.4]
Living in Vehicles 157 15 52.89 11.29 39.5 [27.88, 51.12]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(0.31) = -0.82, (p= 0.712).

Number of Named Homeless People Known

Number of named non-household contacts

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 924 3 4.02 0.14 1.79 [1.51, 2.07]
Living in Vehicles 161 4 4.58 0.35 2.22 [1.48, 2.96]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(637.75) = -0.82, (p= 0.414).

Number of Household Members

Imputed count of household members based on ‘27. Please list the initials of all the people in your household.’

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 744 0 0.68 0.05 0.60 [0.48, 0.72]
Living in Vehicles 129 0 0.57 0.08 0.56 [0.31, 0.81]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(506.85) = -0.31, (p= 0.76).

Number of Coupons Distributed

Total number of individuals the respondent referred who took the survey

Vehicle-Living Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Not Living in Vehicles 934 3 2.88 0.02 2.88 [2.79, 2.97]
Living in Vehicles 161 3 2.88 0.05 2.80 [2.52, 3.08]

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, t(638.96) = -0.52, (p= 0.606).

Benefits

Veteran Affairs Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice Veteran’s Administration (VA)’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving VA Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 122 96.06% 97.7% [96.27%, 99.10%]
Yes 5 3.94% 2.3% [0.90%, 3.73%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving VA Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 709 96.73% 96.7% [94.95%, 98.38%]
Yes 24 3.27% 3.3% [1.62%, 5.05%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.31\), (p = 0.828). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Disability Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice WA Aged, Blind, or Disabled cash assistance’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving Disability Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 119 93.7% 93.3% [88.64%, 97.94%]
Yes 8 6.3% 6.7% [2.06%, 11.36%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving Disability Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 666 90.9% 92.1% [88.85%, 95.29%]
Yes 67 9.1% 7.9% [4.71%, 11.15%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.19\), (p = 0.719). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Housing Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’WA Housing and Essential Needs program’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving Housing Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 122 96.06% 96.10% [91.5%, 100.7%]
Yes 5 3.94% 3.90% [-0.7%, 8.5%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving Housing Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 700 95.50% 97.09% [96.0%, 98.2%]
Yes 33 4.50% 2.91% [1.8%, 4.0%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.31\), (p = 0.61). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

SSI Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), or other social security benefit’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving SSI Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 103 81.1% 78.1% [63.9%, 92.4%]
Yes 24 18.9% 21.9% [7.6%, 36.1%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving SSI Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 606 82.7% 83.4% [78.8%, 88.0%]
Yes 127 17.3% 16.6% [12.0%, 21.2%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 1.8\), (p = 0.677). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Medicaid Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Medicaid (in Washington state, this is Apple Health)’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving Medicaid Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 53 41.7% 43.5% [25.9%, 61.0%]
Yes 74 58.3% 56.5% [39.0%, 74.1%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving Medicaid Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 348 47.5% 52.2% [45.0%, 59.4%]
Yes 385 52.5% 47.8% [40.6%, 55.0%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 2.83\), (p = 0.27). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Medicare Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice Medicare’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving Medicare Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 110 86.61% 87.82% [81.2%, 94.4%]
Yes 17 13.39% 12.18% [5.6%, 18.8%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving Medicare Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 642 87.59% 87.13% [83.2%, 91.0%]
Yes 91 12.41% 12.87% [9.0%, 16.8%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.04\), (p = 0.877). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Indian Health Service Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Indian Health Services’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving IHS Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 125 98.43% 99.24% [98.81%, 99.67%]
Yes 2 1.57% 0.76% [0.33%, 1.19%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving IHS Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 716 97.68% 98.27% [96.87%, 99.68%]
Yes 17 2.32% 1.73% [0.32%, 3.13%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 0.55\), (p = 0.269). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.

Other Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? - Other - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Living in Vehicles
Receiving Other Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 53 41.7% 41.43% [24.59%, 58.27%]
Yes 74 58.3% 58.57% [41.73%, 75.41%]
Total 127
Not Living in Vehicles
Receiving Other Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 356 48.6% 49.61% [42.43%, 56.80%]
Yes 377 51.4% 50.39% [43.20%, 57.57%]
Total 733

The difference between individual living in vehicles and not living in vehicles is not significant, \(\chi^2 = 2.48\), (p = 0.414). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.