General Codebook
Overview
This codebook summarizes the findings and data from the University of Washington (UW) 2023 Seattle area homeless count project. The count was led by Zack W. Almquist (Lead - PI), Paul Hebert (Co-PI), Nathalie Williams (Puget Sound Data Oversample PI), Amy Hagopian (Co-PI), June (Junhe) Yang (Data Scientist Lead DSSG PhD).
The data were collected using two different surveys, referred to as UWRDS and UWRDS-PSD in the codebook. Data from both surveys were harmonized for this codebook. We note where question phrasing differed across surveys and when a variable was collected in only one survey.
An HTML version of this anaylsis may be downloaded here.
This codebook and corresponding links were compiled by Data Science for Social Good (DSSG) summer fellows, in alphabetical order:
- Felix Junior Appiah Kubi,
- Brooke Kaye,
- Jess Robinson, and
- Rebecca Schachtman,
with the support of Data Scientist, June (Junhe) Yang, and Project Lead, Zack Almquist.
We employ RDS methods for the population level statistics (details, here). For information on funding and a full list of contributors, see Acknowledgements.
Demographics
Gender
Imputed based on ‘B4. How would you describe your gender?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘25. Which of the following best describes your gender?’ [UWRDS]
| Gender | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A gender other than singularly female or male (e.g., nonbinary, genderfluid, agender, culturally specific gender) | 10 | 0.99% | 1.27% | [0.45%, 2.09%] |
| Do not know | 1 | 0.10% | 0.13% | [-0.07%, 0.33%] |
| Female | 277 | 27.34% | 26.54% | [20.74%, 32.34%] |
| Male | 717 | 70.78% | 71.31% | [65.51%, 77.10%] |
| Questioning | 5 | 0.49% | 0.41% | [0.28%, 0.53%] |
| Transgender | 3 | 0.30% | 0.35% | [-0.09%, 0.79%] |
| Total | 1013 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Race
Imputed based on ‘B18. Which one or more of the following would you say best describes your race, heritage, or ancestry?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’ [UWRDS]
Race (Overall)
| Race | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous | 77 | 7.96% | 8.91% | [5.17%, 12.65%] |
| Another race | 14 | 1.45% | 2.18% | [0.14%, 4.22%] |
| Asian or Asian American | 20 | 2.07% | 2.74% | [-0.03%, 5.51%] |
| Black, African American, or African | 163 | 16.86% | 18.63% | [13.53%, 23.73%] |
| Do not know | 17 | 1.76% | 2.15% | [-0.45%, 4.75%] |
| Multiracial | 129 | 13.34% | 13.42% | [9.30%, 17.54%] |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 24 | 2.48% | 2.28% | [0.75%, 3.82%] |
| White | 523 | 54.08% | 49.69% | [43.47%, 55.90%] |
| Total | 967 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
*Race - Multiracial Preference *
Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Black based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’
| Race | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous | 136 | 14.06% | 15.25% | [10.64%, 19.86%] |
| Another race | 14 | 1.45% | 2.18% | [0.14%, 4.22%] |
| Asian or Asian American | 25 | 2.59% | 3.26% | [0.44%, 6.08%] |
| Black, African American, or African | 217 | 22.44% | 23.63% | [18.34%, 28.92%] |
| Do not know | 17 | 1.76% | 2.15% | [-0.45%, 4.75%] |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 32 | 3.31% | 3.56% | [0.89%, 6.22%] |
| White | 526 | 54.40% | 49.97% | [43.75%, 56.20%] |
| Total | 967 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Race - Multiracial (Indigenous)
Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Indigenous based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’
| Race | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous | 177 | 18.30% | 19.01% | [14.19%, 23.83%] |
| Another race | 14 | 1.45% | 2.18% | [0.14%, 4.22%] |
| Asian or Asian American | 25 | 2.59% | 3.26% | [0.44%, 6.08%] |
| Black, African American, or African | 176 | 18.20% | 19.87% | [14.74%, 25.01%] |
| Do not know | 17 | 1.76% | 2.15% | [-0.45%, 4.75%] |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 32 | 3.31% | 3.56% | [0.89%, 6.22%] |
| White | 526 | 54.40% | 49.97% | [43.75%, 56.20%] |
| Total | 967 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Race - Multiracial (Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander)
Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’
| Race | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous | 129 | 13.34% | 14.22% | [9.71%, 18.72%] |
| Another race | 14 | 1.45% | 2.18% | [0.14%, 4.22%] |
| Asian or Asian American | 25 | 2.59% | 3.26% | [0.44%, 6.08%] |
| Black, African American, or African | 197 | 20.37% | 21.58% | [16.32%, 26.84%] |
| Do not know | 17 | 1.76% | 2.15% | [-0.45%, 4.75%] |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 59 | 6.10% | 6.65% | [3.64%, 9.65%] |
| White | 526 | 54.40% | 49.97% | [43.75%, 56.20%] |
| Total | 967 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Ethnicity
Imputed based on ‘B16. Do you consider yourself Hispanic or Latinx’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘24. What is your ethnicity?’ [UWRDS]
| Ethnicity | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do not know | 21 | 2% | 2% | [0%, 4%] |
| Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) | 146 | 15% | 15% | [11%, 20%] |
| Non-Hispanic/Non-Latin(a)(o)(x) | 820 | 83% | 83% | [78%, 87%] |
| Total | 987 | 100% | 100% | - |
Age
Date of Birth
Age (Categorical)
Imputed based on ‘A2. How old are you?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘4. Date of Birth’ [UWRDS]
| Age - Categorical | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18-24 | 26 | 2.5% | 3.4% | [0.5%, 6.2%] |
| 25-34 | 208 | 20.4% | 21.2% | [16.0%, 26.3%] |
| 35-44 | 302 | 29.7% | 28.6% | [23.3%, 34.0%] |
| 45-54 | 240 | 23.6% | 22.8% | [17.8%, 27.9%] |
| 55-64 | 180 | 17.7% | 16.9% | [13.3%, 20.6%] |
| 65+ | 62 | 6.1% | 7.1% | [3.7%, 10.5%] |
| Total | 1018 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Age (Continuous)
Age - Imputed from ‘4. Date of Birth’
| Age - Continuous | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 1018 | 43 | 44.73 | 0.39 | 44.63 | [42.93, 46.32] |
Birthplace
Birth State
‘8. Birthplace: - State - In what city and state were you born? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Birth State | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 6 | 0.77% | 1.140% | [-1.27%, 3.540%] |
| Alaska | 17 | 2.19% | 1.870% | [1.04%, 2.700%] |
| Arizona | 8 | 1.03% | 1.550% | [-0.93%, 4.030%] |
| Arkansas | 5 | 0.64% | 0.810% | [0.06%, 1.550%] |
| California | 85 | 10.94% | 9.760% | [6.17%, 13.350%] |
| Colorado | 12 | 1.54% | 1.140% | [0.72%, 1.560%] |
| Connecticut | 2 | 0.26% | 0.090% | [0.06%, 0.110%] |
| Florida | 25 | 3.22% | 4.740% | [0.99%, 8.490%] |
| Georgia | 5 | 0.64% | 0.930% | [-0.45%, 2.310%] |
| Hawaii | 5 | 0.64% | 0.840% | [-1.27%, 2.950%] |
| Idaho | 6 | 0.77% | 1.000% | [-0.65%, 2.650%] |
| Illinois | 16 | 2.06% | 2.190% | [1.01%, 3.380%] |
| Indiana | 4 | 0.51% | 0.610% | [0.39%, 0.840%] |
| Iowa | 5 | 0.64% | 1.060% | [-1.73%, 3.850%] |
| Kansas | 10 | 1.29% | 1.590% | [-0.78%, 3.970%] |
| Kentucky | 6 | 0.77% | 0.540% | [-0.14%, 1.230%] |
| Louisiana | 8 | 1.03% | 1.090% | [-0.68%, 2.850%] |
| Maine | 1 | 0.13% | 0.090% | [0.07%, 0.110%] |
| Massachusetts | 4 | 0.51% | 0.590% | [0.31%, 0.870%] |
| Michigan | 13 | 1.67% | 1.450% | [0.76%, 2.140%] |
| Minnesota | 10 | 1.29% | 2.180% | [0.01%, 4.350%] |
| Mississippi | 2 | 0.26% | 0.170% | [-0.01%, 0.350%] |
| Missouri | 8 | 1.03% | 0.720% | [0.07%, 1.370%] |
| Montana | 17 | 2.19% | 1.800% | [-0.36%, 3.960%] |
| Nebraska | 4 | 0.51% | 0.550% | [-1.36%, 2.460%] |
| Nevada | 1 | 0.13% | 0.370% | [0.17%, 0.560%] |
| New Hampshire | 1 | 0.13% | 0.180% | [-0.47%, 0.840%] |
| New Jersey | 8 | 1.03% | 1.180% | [-0.36%, 2.720%] |
| New Mexico | 7 | 0.90% | 1.060% | [-1.19%, 3.310%] |
| New York | 11 | 1.42% | 1.480% | [-0.32%, 3.280%] |
| North Carolina | 4 | 0.51% | 0.580% | [-0.07%, 1.230%] |
| North Dakota | 5 | 0.64% | 0.520% | [0.32%, 0.720%] |
| Ohio | 10 | 1.29% | 1.910% | [-0.30%, 4.130%] |
| Oklahoma | 7 | 0.90% | 1.160% | [-0.74%, 3.060%] |
| Oregon | 20 | 2.57% | 2.700% | [1.38%, 4.030%] |
| Pennsylvania | 8 | 1.03% | 1.040% | [-1.03%, 3.110%] |
| South Carolina | 4 | 0.51% | 0.250% | [0.11%, 0.400%] |
| South Dakota | 2 | 0.26% | 0.210% | [-0.50%, 0.920%] |
| Tennessee | 9 | 1.16% | 0.670% | [-0.03%, 1.370%] |
| Texas | 21 | 2.70% | 3.100% | [1.56%, 4.640%] |
| Utah | 4 | 0.51% | 0.510% | [-0.17%, 1.190%] |
| Vermont | 1 | 0.13% | 0.090% | [0.01%, 0.180%] |
| Virginia | 3 | 0.39% | 0.560% | [-1.32%, 2.450%] |
| Washington | 357 | 45.95% | 42.540% | [35.83%, 49.250%] |
| West Virginia | 4 | 0.51% | 0.470% | [-0.17%, 1.120%] |
| Wisconsin | 5 | 0.64% | 0.790% | [0.15%, 1.430%] |
| Wyoming | 1 | 0.13% | 0.120% | [0.09%, 0.150%] |
| Total | 777 | 100.00% | 100.000% | - |
Birth Country
‘8. Birthplace: - Country - In what city and state were you born? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Birth Country | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burma | 1 | 0.12% | 0.34% | [-1.030%, 1.700%] |
| Canada | 4 | 0.48% | 0.81% | [-1.110%, 2.740%] |
| Costa Rica | 1 | 0.12% | 0.34% | [0.270%, 0.410%] |
| Dominican Republic | 1 | 0.12% | 0.03% | [0.020%, 0.050%] |
| Ethiopia | 3 | 0.36% | 0.59% | [0.360%, 0.820%] |
| France | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [-0.170%, 0.500%] |
| Germany | 3 | 0.36% | 0.42% | [-1.110%, 1.940%] |
| Grenada | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [-0.300%, 0.630%] |
| Guam | 2 | 0.24% | 0.45% | [-0.860%, 1.760%] |
| Haiti | 1 | 0.12% | 0.08% | [0.060%, 0.110%] |
| Honduras | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [-0.030%, 0.250%] |
| India | 2 | 0.24% | 0.17% | [0.120%, 0.220%] |
| Iran | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [0.130%, 0.210%] |
| Italy | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [-0.130%, 0.470%] |
| Japan | 1 | 0.12% | 0.06% | [0.040%, 0.080%] |
| Jordan | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [-0.500%, 0.830%] |
| Kazakhstan | 2 | 0.24% | 0.19% | [-0.050%, 0.430%] |
| Kenya | 2 | 0.24% | 0.08% | [0.020%, 0.140%] |
| Korea | 1 | 0.12% | 0.04% | [0.010%, 0.060%] |
| Laos | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [0.070%, 0.270%] |
| Lebanon | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [0.020%, 0.210%] |
| Lunpranba | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [0.020%, 0.320%] |
| Marianas islands | 1 | 0.12% | 0.02% | [0.010%, 0.030%] |
| Mexico | 5 | 0.60% | 0.85% | [0.140%, 1.570%] |
| Mumbai india | 1 | 0.12% | 0.34% | [-1.290%, 1.960%] |
| Palau | 1 | 0.12% | 0.08% | [-0.030%, 0.200%] |
| Philippines | 4 | 0.48% | 0.66% | [-0.940%, 2.250%] |
| Puerto Rico | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [-0.180%, 0.410%] |
| Romania | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [0.050%, 0.180%] |
| Russia | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [-0.450%, 0.780%] |
| Scotland | 1 | 0.12% | 0.17% | [-0.350%, 0.680%] |
| Somalia | 2 | 0.24% | 0.13% | [0.030%, 0.240%] |
| South korea | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [0.080%, 0.150%] |
| UK | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [-0.140%, 0.360%] |
| Ukraine | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [-0.060%, 0.280%] |
| United States | 779 | 93.52% | 92.02% | [88.060%, 95.980%] |
| Total | 833 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Years Lived in King County
‘9. How long have you lived in King County? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| King County Tenure | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 856 | 19 | 21.55 | 0.6 | 20.35 | [18.05, 22.65] |
Health
Health Status
Imputed based on ‘D1. In general, would you say your health is’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘16. How would you rate your health status?’ [UWRDS]
| Health | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excellent | 101 | 9.96% | 10.93% | [7.63%, 14.24%] |
| Fair | 389 | 38.36% | 37.73% | [31.84%, 43.63%] |
| Good | 396 | 39.05% | 37.35% | [31.68%, 43.03%] |
| Poor | 128 | 12.62% | 13.98% | [9.44%, 18.53%] |
| Total | 1014 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Disability
‘21. Do you identify as having a disability?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Disability | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choose not to answer | 8 | 0.9% | 1.3% | [-0.5%, 3.1%] |
| Do not know | 23 | 2.7% | 3.3% | [0.9%, 5.6%] |
| No | 379 | 44.4% | 46.6% | [40.0%, 53.2%] |
| Yes | 444 | 52.0% | 48.9% | [42.4%, 55.4%] |
| Total | 854 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Mental Illness
‘20. Do you identify as having a serious mental illness?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Mental Illness | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choose not to answer | 12 | 1.4% | 2.0% | [-0.04%, 4.1%] |
| Do not know | 23 | 2.7% | 3.1% | [0.14%, 6.1%] |
| No | 508 | 59.4% | 62.0% | [55.77%, 68.2%] |
| Yes | 312 | 36.5% | 32.8% | [26.98%, 38.7%] |
| Total | 855 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Substance Use
‘22. Do you identify as having a substance use disorder?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Substance Use | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choose not to answer | 12 | 1.41% | 2.03% | [-0.49%, 4.55%] |
| Do not know | 7 | 0.82% | 1.37% | [-0.94%, 3.69%] |
| No | 428 | 50.12% | 53.78% | [47.26%, 60.30%] |
| Yes | 407 | 47.66% | 42.82% | [36.44%, 49.20%] |
| Total | 854 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Eviction
Ever Evicted
Imputed based on ‘15. Have you ever been evicted from a rental property?’ [UWRDS] and ‘Now think about the last place you lived, before you moved to your current residence. Were you forcibly evicted from that last place you lived?’ [UWRDS-PSD]
| Ever Evicted | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 696 | 75% | 76% | [70%, 81%] |
| Yes | 234 | 25% | 24% | [19%, 30%] |
| Total | 930 | 100% | 100% | - |
Age at Eviction
Imputed based on ‘15.1 How old were you? (please enter a number, for example: 30) [if yes to ’15. Have you ever been evicted from a rental property?’]’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Eviction Age | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 207 | 28 | 31.26 | 0.89 | 31.92 | [28.5, 35.35] |
If Evicted, Ever Formally Evicted
‘15.2 Were you formally evicted by court order?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Ever Formally Evicted | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 108 | 52.4% | 52.9% | [39.0%, 66.8%] |
| Yes | 98 | 47.6% | 47.1% | [33.2%, 61.0%] |
| Total | 206 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Sleep Status
Location Slept Previous Night
Where did you sleep last night?
Respondent’s sleep location based on ‘A. Regular residence’ in [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘7. Where did you sleep last night?’ [UWRDS]
| Sleep Location | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Tiny home” | 4 | 0.37% | 0.29% | [-0.02%, 0.61%] |
| Apartment | 8 | 0.74% | 1.17% | [-0.31%, 2.65%] |
| Car or RV | 159 | 14.71% | 13.14% | [9.56%, 16.71%] |
| Homeless shelter or hotel | 100 | 9.25% | 10.26% | [6.13%, 14.38%] |
| Mobile home or trailer | 2 | 0.19% | 0.24% | [-0.12%, 0.60%] |
| No residence, I sleep outdoors | 252 | 23.31% | 26.10% | [20.65%, 31.54%] |
| Single-family house | 3 | 0.28% | 0.36% | [-0.05%, 0.78%] |
| Something else | 298 | 27.57% | 27.08% | [22.09%, 32.07%] |
| Tent or homemade structure | 255 | 23.59% | 21.36% | [17.15%, 25.57%] |
| Total | 1081 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Re-coded: Where did you sleep last night?
7. Where did you sleep last night? - Imputed
| Sleep Location | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chose not to answer | 2 | 0.23% | 0.20% | [-0.21%, 0.62%] |
| Commercial property (e.g. shops) | 1 | 0.12% | 0.16% | [-0.34%, 0.66%] |
| Did not sleep | 18 | 2.10% | 1.63% | [0.76%, 2.50%] |
| Doubled-up: couchsurfing, staying with friend or family | 113 | 13.20% | 12.22% | [8.09%, 16.35%] |
| Housed, other (e.g. in apartment, house) | 49 | 5.72% | 5.53% | [3.23%, 7.83%] |
| In a car, truck, or van (smaller vehicle) | 81 | 9.46% | 9.09% | [5.28%, 12.90%] |
| In a hotel or motel | 20 | 2.34% | 2.88% | [0.24%, 5.51%] |
| In a park (uncovered, like on a bench) | 19 | 2.22% | 2.34% | [1.43%, 3.25%] |
| In a public facility or transit (bus/train station, transit center, hospital waiting room) | 41 | 4.79% | 5.73% | [2.85%, 8.61%] |
| In an RV, trailer, or bus (larger vehicle) | 46 | 5.37% | 4.22% | [2.47%, 5.97%] |
| In an abandoned building/backyard or storage structure | 16 | 1.87% | 1.77% | [0.03%, 3.52%] |
| In an overnight shelter (e.g. mission, church, resource shelter, etc.) | 63 | 7.36% | 8.66% | [4.13%, 13.20%] |
| Institutions such as jails, hospitals, or nursing facilities | 2 | 0.23% | 0.27% | [-0.06%, 0.60%] |
| Maritime accommodation (e.g. boats, cargo) | 3 | 0.35% | 0.46% | [0.10%, 0.82%] |
| Outside in a tent (or tent-like structure) | 194 | 22.66% | 20.21% | [15.53%, 24.88%] |
| Outside, not in a tent | 166 | 19.39% | 21.83% | [15.77%, 27.89%] |
| Subsidized housing, housing vouchers | 4 | 0.47% | 0.57% | [-1.01%, 2.16%] |
| Tiny homes (not self-constructed) | 3 | 0.35% | 0.23% | [-0.08%, 0.54%] |
| Transitional, supportive, or halfway housing | 3 | 0.35% | 0.39% | [-1.30%, 2.08%] |
| Unsure, unknown, ambiguous | 11 | 1.29% | 1.49% | [0.03%, 2.96%] |
| Workplace | 1 | 0.12% | 0.11% | [0.08%, 0.13%] |
| Total | 856 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Sheltered vs. Unsheltered
Binary variable representing sheltered status based on previous sleep location for respondent
| Sheltered vs. Unsheltered | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheltered | 111 | 13% | 14% | [9%, 20%] |
| Unsheltered | 748 | 87% | 86% | [80%, 91%] |
| Total | 859 | 100% | 100% | - |
Would Accept Shelter
‘12. If you were offered a space in an emergency shelter this week, would you accept?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Accept Shelter | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 347 | 41% | 41% | [35%, 48%] |
| Prefer not to answer | 34 | 4% | 4% | [1%, 7%] |
| Yes | 475 | 55% | 55% | [48%, 61%] |
| Total | 856 | 100% | 100% | - |
If Accepting, Shelter Preference
Variable based on Which of the following would you prefer for an emergency shelter? - Imputed. This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Shelter Preference | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prefers Hotel or Motel | 83 | 61.0% | 56.6% | [39.7%, 73.5%] |
| Prefers Indoor Overnight Shelter | 19 | 14.0% | 12.3% | [6.1%, 18.5%] |
| Prefers Safe Parking Space to Live in Vehicle | 5 | 3.7% | 4.8% | [-2.3%, 12.0%] |
| Prefers Tiny House Village | 29 | 21.3% | 26.3% | [9.2%, 43.4%] |
| Total | 136 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Experience of Homelessness
First Year Experiencing Homelessness
‘10. What year was your first experience of homelessness?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| First Homeless Year | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 850 | 2014 | 2009.84 | 0.42 | 2009.94 | [2008.01, 2011.86] |
Time Experiencing Homelessness
Imputed based on ‘About how long have you been homeless’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘17. How long have you been homeless this time?’ [UWRDS-PSD]
| Duration Homeless | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Above one year | 722 | 72.86% | 69.56% | [63.64%, 75.5%] |
| Choose not to answer | 15 | 1.51% | 1.72% | [-0.37%, 3.8%] |
| Do not know | 10 | 1.01% | 0.74% | [0.18%, 1.3%] |
| Less than a month | 48 | 4.84% | 6.01% | [2.69%, 9.3%] |
| More than a month but Less than a year | 196 | 19.78% | 21.98% | [16.66%, 27.3%] |
| Total | 991 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Days Homeless in Past Three Years
‘If you added up all the times you have been homeless in the last 3 years, about how long have you been homeless? - Imputed Total Days’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Total Days Homeless | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 860 | 1095 | 800.73 | 13.2 | 782.48 | [726.84, 838.12] |
Number of Times Homeless in Past Three Years
‘18. Including this time, how many different times have you been homeless in the past 3 years, that is since April 2020?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| \# Times Homeless | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 time | 569 | 66.55% | 65.70% | [59.34%, 72.05%] |
| 2 times | 114 | 13.33% | 14.42% | [9.00%, 19.84%] |
| 3 times | 50 | 5.85% | 6.21% | [3.85%, 8.57%] |
| 4 or more times | 89 | 10.41% | 9.44% | [5.80%, 13.08%] |
| Choose not to answer | 15 | 1.75% | 1.93% | [0.14%, 3.72%] |
| Do not know | 18 | 2.11% | 2.30% | [0.03%, 4.58%] |
| Total | 855 | 100.00% | 100.00% | - |
Experiencing Chronic Homelessness
Binary imputed variable for HUD’s chronic homelessness designation
| Chronic Homelessness | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 355 | 41% | 47.1% | [40.4%, 53.7%] |
| Yes | 505 | 59% | 52.9% | [46.3%, 59.6%] |
| Total | 860 | 100% | 100.0% | - |
Connections
Number of Estimated Homeless People Known
Outside of your family living with you, how many people do you personally know who are unhoused or experiencing homelessness? - Imputed
| Estimated Connections | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 1043 | 10 | 77.5 | 22.31 | 82.79 | [-21.81, 187.39] |
Number of Named Homeless People Known
Number of named non-household contacts
| Named Connections | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 1085 | 3 | 4.1 | 0.13 | 1.85 | [1.6, 2.1] |
Number of Household Members
Imputed count of household members based on ‘27. Please list the initials of all the people in your household.’
| Household Members | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 873 | 0 | 0.67 | 0.04 | 0.59 | [0.49, 0.7] |
Number of Coupons Distributed
Total number of individuals the respondent referred who took the survey
| Coupons Distributed | Sample N | Sample Median | Sample Mean | Sample SE | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | 1106 | 3 | 2.88 | 0.02 | 2.87 | [2.79, 2.95] |
Benefits
Veteran Affairs Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice Veteran’s Administration (VA)’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| VA Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 831 | 96.6% | 96.8% | [95%, 98%] |
| Yes | 29 | 3.4% | 3.2% | [2%, 5%] |
| Total | 860 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Disability Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice WA Aged, Blind, or Disabled cash assistance’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Disability Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 785 | 91.3% | 92.2% | [89%, 95%] |
| Yes | 75 | 8.7% | 7.8% | [5%, 11%] |
| Total | 860 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Housing Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’WA Housing and Essential Needs program’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Housing Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 822 | 95.6% | 97% | [96%, 98%] |
| Yes | 38 | 4.4% | 3% | [2%, 4%] |
| Total | 860 | 100.0% | 100% | - |
SSI Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), or other social security benefit’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| SSI Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 709 | 82% | 83% | [78%, 87%] |
| Yes | 151 | 18% | 17% | [13%, 22%] |
| Total | 860 | 100% | 100% | - |
Medicaid Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Medicaid (in Washington state, this is Apple Health)’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Medicaid Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 401 | 46.6% | 51.0% | [44.5%, 57.6%] |
| Yes | 459 | 53.4% | 49.0% | [42.4%, 55.5%] |
| Total | 860 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Medicare Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice Medicare’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Medicare Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 752 | 87% | 87% | [84%, 91%] |
| Yes | 108 | 13% | 13% | [9%, 16%] |
| Total | 860 | 100% | 100% | - |
Indian Health Service Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Indian Health Services’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| IHS Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 841 | 97.8% | 98.4% | [97%, 100%] |
| Yes | 19 | 2.2% | 1.6% | [0%, 3%] |
| Total | 860 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
Other Benefits
‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? - Other - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.
| Other Benefits | Sample N | Sample Proportion | RDS II Estimate | RDS II 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or Chose Not to Answer | 409 | 47.6% | 48.5% | [42%, 55%] |
| Yes | 451 | 52.4% | 51.5% | [45%, 58%] |
| Total | 860 | 100.0% | 100.0% | - |
