Sheltered vs. Unsheltered Codebook

Overview

This codebook summarizes findings and data about Sleep Status for Sheltered and Unsheltered based on data from the University of Washington (UW) 2023 Seattle area homeless count project. The count was led by Zack W. Almquist (Lead - PI), Paul Hebert (Co-PI), Nathalie Williams (Puget Sound Data Oversample PI), Amy Hagopian (Co-PI), June (Junhe) Yang (Data Scientist Lead DSSG PhD).

The data were collected using two different surveys, referred to as UWRDS and UWRDS-PSD in the codebook. Data from both surveys were harmonized for this codebook. We note where question phrasing differed across surveys and when a variable was collected in only one survey.

An HTML version of this anaylsis may be downloaded here.

This codebook and corresponding links were compiled by Data Science for Social Good (DSSG) summer fellows, in alphabetical order:

We employ RDS methods for the population level statistics (details, here). For information on funding and a full list of contributors, see Acknowledgements.

Summary

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Sheltered 111 13% 14% [9%, 20%]
Unsheltered 748 87% 86% [80%, 91%]
Total 859 100% 100% -

The proportion of the population experiencing homeless who are Sheltered is 14%. The proportion of the population experiencing homeless who are Unsheltered is 86%.

Demographics

Gender

Imputed based on ‘B4. How would you describe your gender?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘25. Which of the following best describes your gender?’ [UWRDS]

Sheltered
Gender Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
A gender other than singularly female or male (e.g., nonbinary, genderfluid, agender, culturally specific gender) 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 0 NA NA NA
Female 22 20.75% 20.01% [3.29%, 36.73%]
Male 84 79.25% 79.99% [63.27%, 96.71%]
Questioning 0 NA NA NA
Transgender 0 NA NA NA
Total 106 - - -
Unsheltered
Gender Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
A gender other than singularly female or male (e.g., nonbinary, genderfluid, agender, culturally specific gender) 7 1.00% 1.15% [0.32%, 1.99%]
Do not know 1 0.14% 0.19% [-0.11%, 0.49%]
Female 185 26.32% 25.33% [18.43%, 32.24%]
Male 504 71.69% 72.29% [65.39%, 79.19%]
Questioning 3 0.43% 0.52% [0.35%, 0.70%]
Transgender 3 0.43% 0.51% [-0.15%, 1.17%]
Total 703 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 4.75, (p = 0.835). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Race

Imputed based on ‘B18. Which one or more of the following would you say best describes your race, heritage, or ancestry?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’ [UWRDS]

Race (Overall)

Sheltered
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 8 7.92% 14.22% [0.00%, 28.44%]
Another race 1 0.99% 0.80% [0.33%, 1.28%]
Asian or Asian American 9 8.91% 9.64% [-1.41%, 20.69%]
Black, African American, or African 20 19.80% 22.71% [6.29%, 39.13%]
Do not know 1 0.99% 2.41% [-10.96%, 15.79%]
Multiracial 14 13.86% 13.28% [2.68%, 23.88%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 3 2.97% 2.87% [-1.22%, 6.97%]
White 45 44.55% 34.06% [14.40%, 53.72%]
Total 101 - - -
Unsheltered
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 50 7.45% 7.21% [3.50%, 10.91%]
Another race 11 1.64% 2.62% [-0.24%, 5.48%]
Asian or Asian American 10 1.49% 2.32% [-1.12%, 5.76%]
Black, African American, or African 101 15.05% 16.60% [10.99%, 22.22%]
Do not know 12 1.79% 2.09% [-0.95%, 5.12%]
Multiracial 93 13.86% 14.99% [9.48%, 20.50%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 14 2.09% 2.09% [0.16%, 4.03%]
White 380 56.63% 52.08% [44.58%, 59.57%]
Total 671 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 30.1, (p = 0.281). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Race - Multiracial (Black)

Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Black based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’

Sheltered
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 14 13.86% 19.41% [5.31%, 33.51%]
Another race 1 0.99% 0.80% [0.33%, 1.28%]
Asian or Asian American 10 9.90% 10.85% [-0.22%, 21.92%]
Black, African American, or African 26 25.74% 29.44% [11.50%, 47.38%]
Do not know 1 0.99% 2.41% [-10.96%, 15.79%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 4 3.96% 3.03% [-1.05%, 7.12%]
White 45 44.55% 34.06% [14.40%, 53.72%]
Total 101 - - -
Unsheltered
Race Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 94 14.01% 14.51% [9.05%, 19.97%]
Another race 11 1.64% 2.62% [-0.24%, 5.48%]
Asian or Asian American 13 1.94% 2.80% [-0.72%, 6.33%]
Black, African American, or African 137 20.42% 21.57% [15.76%, 27.39%]
Do not know 12 1.79% 2.09% [-0.95%, 5.12%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 21 3.13% 3.91% [0.17%, 7.65%]
White 383 57.08% 52.49% [44.99%, 59.99%]
Total 671 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 26.97, (p = 0.202). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Race - Multiracial (Indigenous)

Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Indigenous based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’

Sheltered
Race (Indigeneous) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 20 19.80% 26.14% [9.53%, 42.74%]
Another race 1 0.99% 0.80% [0.33%, 1.28%]
Asian or Asian American 10 9.90% 10.85% [-0.22%, 21.92%]
Black, African American, or African 20 19.80% 22.71% [6.29%, 39.13%]
Do not know 1 0.99% 2.41% [-10.96%, 15.79%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 4 3.96% 3.03% [-1.05%, 7.12%]
White 45 44.55% 34.06% [14.40%, 53.72%]
Total 101 - - -
Unsheltered
Race (Indigeneous) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 122 18.18% 18.34% [12.73%, 23.94%]
Another race 11 1.64% 2.62% [-0.24%, 5.48%]
Asian or Asian American 13 1.94% 2.80% [-0.72%, 6.33%]
Black, African American, or African 109 16.24% 17.75% [12.08%, 23.42%]
Do not know 12 1.79% 2.09% [-0.95%, 5.12%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 21 3.13% 3.91% [0.17%, 7.65%]
White 383 57.08% 52.49% [44.99%, 59.99%]
Total 671 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 27.12, (p = 0.175). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Race - Multiracial (Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander)

Imputed racial category that classifies multiracial individuals as one race with preference to Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander based on ‘23. Which racial groups do you identify with?’

Sheltered
Race (PI) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 14 13.86% 19.41% [5.310%, 33.51%]
Another race 1 0.99% 0.80% [0.330%, 1.28%]
Asian or Asian American 10 9.90% 10.85% [-0.220%, 21.92%]
Black, African American, or African 23 22.77% 25.82% [7.730%, 43.91%]
Do not know 1 0.99% 2.41% [-10.960%, 15.79%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7 6.93% 6.65% [1.970%, 11.32%]
White 45 44.55% 34.06% [14.400%, 53.72%]
Total 101 - - -
Unsheltered
Race (PI) Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
American Indian, Alaskan Native or Indigenous 87 12.97% 13.01% [7.740%, 18.29%]
Another race 11 1.64% 2.62% [-0.240%, 5.48%]
Asian or Asian American 13 1.94% 2.80% [-0.720%, 6.33%]
Black, African American, or African 123 18.33% 19.29% [13.570%, 25.01%]
Do not know 12 1.79% 2.09% [-0.950%, 5.12%]
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 42 6.26% 7.69% [3.500%, 11.89%]
White 383 57.08% 52.49% [44.990%, 59.99%]
Total 671 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 27.6, (p = 0.206). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Ethnicity

Imputed based on ‘B16. Do you consider yourself Hispanic or Latinx’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘24. What is your ethnicity?’ [UWRDS]

Sheltered
Ethnicity Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Do not know 4 3.96% 5.10% [-6.5%, 16.7%]
Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) 15 14.85% 15.77% [-1.1%, 32.6%]
Non-Hispanic/Non-Latin(a)(o)(x) 82 81.19% 79.13% [60.2%, 98.0%]
Total 101 - - -
Unsheltered
Ethnicity Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Do not know 15 2.18% 1.75% [1.1%, 2.4%]
Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) 99 14.41% 15.64% [10.2%, 21.1%]
Non-Hispanic/Non-Latin(a)(o)(x) 573 83.41% 82.61% [77.1%, 88.1%]
Total 687 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 4.98, (p = 0.65). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Age

Date of Birth

Age (Categorical)

Imputed based on ‘A2. How old are you?’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘4. Date of Birth’ [UWRDS]

Sheltered
Age Category Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
18-24 3 2.83% 4.44% [-6.20%, 15.07%]
25-34 14 13.21% 15.37% [2.46%, 28.28%]
35-44 34 32.08% 29.20% [13.58%, 44.82%]
45-54 19 17.92% 20.63% [3.58%, 37.68%]
55-64 26 24.53% 21.27% [7.68%, 34.86%]
65+ 10 9.43% 9.10% [-2.15%, 20.35%]
Total 106 - - -
Unsheltered
Age Category Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
18-24 18 2.55% 2.96% [0.13%, 5.79%]
25-34 153 21.67% 23.18% [16.79%, 29.58%]
35-44 215 30.45% 29.77% [23.23%, 36.30%]
45-54 176 24.93% 23.26% [17.26%, 29.26%]
55-64 113 16.01% 15.72% [11.50%, 19.93%]
65+ 31 4.39% 5.12% [1.48%, 8.76%]
Total 706 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 8.43, (p = 0.356). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Age (Continuous)

Age - Imputed from ‘4. Date of Birth’

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 706 42 43.88 0.46 43.80 [41.83, 45.77]
Sheltered 106 46 46.96 1.28 45.97 [40.77, 51.18]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(418.72) = 0.77, (p= 0.444).

Birthplace

Birth State

‘8. Birthplace: - State - In what city and state were you born? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Birth State Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Alabama 1 1.32% 3.360% [-4.74%, 11.47%]
Alaska 1 1.32% 0.220% [0.04%, 0.41%]
Arizona 0 NA NA NA
Arkansas 0 NA NA NA
California 10 13.16% 12.260% [-1.79%, 26.31%]
Colorado 1 1.32% 1.120% [-0.04%, 2.28%]
Connecticut 0 NA NA NA
Florida 1 1.32% 3.360% [-11.31%, 18.04%]
Georgia 1 1.32% 3.360% [-3.72%, 10.45%]
Hawaii 0 NA NA NA
Idaho 1 1.32% 0.480% [0.13%, 0.83%]
Illinois 1 1.32% 0.480% [-0.06%, 1.02%]
Indiana 0 NA NA NA
Iowa 2 2.63% 5.050% [-10.48%, 20.57%]
Kansas 1 1.32% 1.680% [0.51%, 2.85%]
Kentucky 1 1.32% 1.120% [-0.69%, 2.93%]
Louisiana 2 2.63% 5.050% [-6.19%, 16.29%]
Maine 0 NA NA NA
Massachusetts 0 NA NA NA
Michigan 4 5.26% 3.030% [1.41%, 4.65%]
Minnesota 1 1.32% 1.680% [0.12%, 3.24%]
Missouri 2 2.63% 0.790% [0.15%, 1.42%]
Montana 1 1.32% 1.120% [-0.06%, 2.30%]
Nebraska 0 NA NA NA
Nevada 0 NA NA NA
New Jersey 1 1.32% 0.220% [0.01%, 0.44%]
New Mexico 0 NA NA NA
New York 1 1.32% 0.840% [0.20%, 1.48%]
North Carolina 1 1.32% 1.680% [-1.05%, 4.42%]
North Dakota 1 1.32% 0.480% [0.10%, 0.86%]
Ohio 2 2.63% 2.800% [-2.53%, 8.13%]
Oklahoma 1 1.32% 0.840% [0.34%, 1.35%]
Oregon 4 5.26% 4.320% [2.26%, 6.37%]
Pennsylvania 3 3.95% 2.640% [-3.18%, 8.45%]
South Carolina 0 NA NA NA
South Dakota 1 1.32% 0.220% [0.04%, 0.41%]
Tennessee 1 1.32% 1.120% [0.12%, 2.12%]
Texas 1 1.32% 0.480% [0.11%, 0.86%]
Utah 0 NA NA NA
Vermont 0 NA NA NA
Virginia 0 NA NA NA
Washington 25 32.89% 34.710% [14.24%, 55.18%]
West Virginia 1 1.32% 0.420% [0.10%, 0.74%]
Wisconsin 1 1.32% 3.360% [0.82%, 5.91%]
Wyoming 0 NA NA NA
New Hampshire 1 1.32% 1.680% [-3.53%, 6.89%]
Total 76 - - -
Unsheltered
Birth State Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Alabama 5 0.93% 1.130% [-1.79%, 4.04%]
Alaska 13 2.42% 2.250% [1.01%, 3.50%]
Arizona 8 1.49% 2.270% [-1.41%, 5.94%]
Arkansas 5 0.93% 1.180% [0.04%, 2.33%]
California 50 9.31% 8.270% [4.65%, 11.88%]
Colorado 9 1.68% 1.130% [0.70%, 1.56%]
Connecticut 2 0.37% 0.130% [0.08%, 0.17%]
Florida 14 2.61% 2.980% [-0.11%, 6.06%]
Georgia 3 0.56% 0.720% [-0.06%, 1.50%]
Hawaii 2 0.37% 0.720% [-2.21%, 3.64%]
Idaho 4 0.74% 1.120% [-1.35%, 3.58%]
Illinois 15 2.79% 3.130% [1.23%, 5.03%]
Indiana 3 0.56% 0.630% [0.27%, 0.98%]
Iowa 2 0.37% 0.720% [-2.12%, 3.56%]
Kansas 8 1.49% 2.000% [-1.50%, 5.51%]
Kentucky 4 0.74% 0.340% [0.17%, 0.52%]
Louisiana 4 0.74% 0.340% [-0.07%, 0.75%]
Maine 1 0.19% 0.130% [0.10%, 0.17%]
Massachusetts 3 0.56% 0.780% [0.36%, 1.20%]
Michigan 5 0.93% 0.630% [-0.17%, 1.44%]
Minnesota 6 1.12% 1.980% [-0.61%, 4.57%]
Missouri 4 0.74% 0.530% [0.01%, 1.04%]
Montana 11 2.05% 1.930% [-1.23%, 5.10%]
Nebraska 3 0.56% 0.630% [-2.19%, 3.45%]
Nevada 1 0.19% 0.540% [0.24%, 0.83%]
New Jersey 7 1.30% 1.690% [-0.62%, 4.00%]
New Mexico 6 1.12% 1.480% [-1.84%, 4.79%]
New York 9 1.68% 1.760% [-0.88%, 4.40%]
North Carolina 1 0.19% 0.180% [-0.11%, 0.47%]
North Dakota 2 0.37% 0.330% [0.10%, 0.55%]
Ohio 6 1.12% 1.640% [-0.98%, 4.25%]
Oklahoma 4 0.74% 1.390% [-1.45%, 4.23%]
Oregon 12 2.23% 2.570% [0.61%, 4.54%]
Pennsylvania 4 0.74% 0.570% [0.27%, 0.86%]
South Carolina 1 0.19% 0.080% [0.05%, 0.11%]
South Dakota 1 0.19% 0.270% [-0.77%, 1.31%]
Tennessee 7 1.30% 0.660% [-0.31%, 1.64%]
Texas 19 3.54% 4.190% [1.91%, 6.46%]
Utah 4 0.74% 0.750% [-0.27%, 1.77%]
Vermont 1 0.19% 0.130% [0.00%, 0.27%]
Virginia 2 0.37% 0.640% [-2.14%, 3.43%]
Washington 261 48.60% 44.640% [36.54%, 52.74%]
West Virginia 1 0.19% 0.180% [-0.14%, 0.50%]
Wisconsin 3 0.56% 0.480% [0.29%, 0.68%]
Wyoming 1 0.19% 0.180% [0.13%, 0.23%]
New Hampshire 0 NA NA NA
Total 537 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 77.79, (p = 0.976). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. *

Birth Country

‘8. Birthplace: - Country - In what city and state were you born? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Birth Country Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Burma 0 NA NA NA
Canada 2 2.25% 5.42% [-6.93%, 17.78%]
Costa Rica 0 NA NA NA
Dominican Republic 0 NA NA NA
Ethiopia 1 1.12% 2.71% [1.68%, 3.75%]
France 0 NA NA NA
Germany 0 NA NA NA
Grenada 0 NA NA NA
Guam 0 NA NA NA
Haiti 0 NA NA NA
Italy 0 NA NA NA
Jordan 0 NA NA NA
Kazakhstan 0 NA NA NA
Kenya 0 NA NA NA
Marianas islands 0 NA NA NA
Mexico 1 1.12% 1.36% [0.30%, 2.41%]
Palau 0 NA NA NA
Philippines 0 NA NA NA
Romania 0 NA NA NA
Russia 0 NA NA NA
Scotland 0 NA NA NA
South korea 0 NA NA NA
UK 0 NA NA NA
Ukraine 0 NA NA NA
United States 77 86.52% 80.93% [65.56%, 96.30%]
India 2 2.25% 1.36% [0.56%, 2.15%]
Iran 1 1.12% 1.36% [0.78%, 1.93%]
Laos 1 1.12% 1.36% [0.68%, 2.04%]
Lunpranba 1 1.12% 1.36% [0.58%, 2.13%]
Mumbai india 1 1.12% 2.71% [-7.91%, 13.33%]
Puerto Rico 1 1.12% 0.90% [-1.21%, 3.01%]
Somalia 1 1.12% 0.54% [0.11%, 0.97%]
Total 89 - - -
Unsheltered
Birth Country Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Burma 1 0.18% 0.50% [-1.50%, 2.49%]
Canada 2 0.35% 0.20% [-0.05%, 0.46%]
Costa Rica 1 0.18% 0.50% [0.39%, 0.60%]
Dominican Republic 1 0.18% 0.05% [0.02%, 0.08%]
Ethiopia 2 0.35% 0.37% [0.02%, 0.72%]
France 1 0.18% 0.25% [-0.29%, 0.79%]
Germany 3 0.53% 0.61% [-1.64%, 2.86%]
Grenada 1 0.18% 0.25% [-0.47%, 0.97%]
Guam 2 0.35% 0.66% [-1.25%, 2.57%]
Haiti 1 0.18% 0.12% [0.08%, 0.17%]
Italy 1 0.18% 0.25% [-0.23%, 0.72%]
Jordan 1 0.18% 0.25% [-0.76%, 1.25%]
Kazakhstan 2 0.35% 0.28% [-0.11%, 0.67%]
Kenya 1 0.18% 0.03% [0.02%, 0.04%]
Marianas islands 1 0.18% 0.03% [0.02%, 0.05%]
Mexico 2 0.35% 0.74% [-0.30%, 1.79%]
Palau 1 0.18% 0.12% [-0.05%, 0.30%]
Philippines 3 0.53% 0.91% [-1.41%, 3.23%]
Romania 1 0.18% 0.17% [0.06%, 0.27%]
Russia 1 0.18% 0.25% [-0.69%, 1.18%]
Scotland 1 0.18% 0.25% [-0.55%, 1.05%]
South korea 1 0.18% 0.17% [0.11%, 0.22%]
UK 1 0.18% 0.17% [-0.21%, 0.55%]
Ukraine 1 0.18% 0.17% [-0.10%, 0.43%]
United States 538 94.22% 92.71% [88.08%, 97.34%]
India 0 NA NA NA
Iran 0 NA NA NA
Laos 0 NA NA NA
Lunpranba 0 NA NA NA
Mumbai india 0 NA NA NA
Puerto Rico 0 NA NA NA
Somalia 0 NA NA NA
Total 571 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 85.51, (p = 0.934). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. *

Years Lived in King County

‘9. How long have you lived in King County? - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 585 19 21.87 0.71 20.69 [17.87, 23.5]
Sheltered 92 10 17.54 1.80 16.64 [10.53, 22.76]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(361.47) = -1.18, (p= 0.24).

Health

Health Status

Imputed based on ‘D1. In general, would you say your health is’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘16. How would you rate your health status?’ [UWRDS]

Sheltered
Ego Health Status Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Excellent 12 11.43% 12.29% [1.31%, 23.26%]
Fair 45 42.86% 47.11% [28.21%, 66.00%]
Good 42 40.00% 34.77% [17.85%, 51.68%]
Poor 6 5.71% 5.84% [-3.64%, 15.32%]
Total 105 - - -
Unsheltered
Ego Health Status Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Excellent 68 9.67% 11.46% [7.45%, 15.47%]
Fair 270 38.41% 37.09% [30.08%, 44.10%]
Good 268 38.12% 36.30% [29.70%, 42.91%]
Poor 97 13.80% 15.15% [9.25%, 21.05%]
Total 703 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 8.85, (p = 0.146). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Disability

‘21. Do you identify as having a disability?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Have a Disability Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 1 1.08% 2.55% [-2.68%, 7.78%]
No 39 41.94% 45.39% [25.78%, 64.99%]
Yes 53 56.99% 52.06% [32.49%, 71.64%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Have a Disability Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 4 0.69% 1.28% [-1.28%, 3.83%]
Do not know 19 3.26% 3.94% [0.86%, 7.02%]
No 263 45.11% 47.78% [39.94%, 55.61%]
Yes 297 50.94% 47.00% [39.30%, 54.71%]
Total 583 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 2.31, (p = 0.87). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Mental Illness

‘20. Do you identify as having a serious mental illness?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Have a Mental Illness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 3 3.23% 5.74% [-5.97%, 17.4%]
No 56 60.22% 67.93% [51.00%, 84.9%]
Yes 34 36.56% 26.33% [11.65%, 41.0%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Have a Mental Illness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 9 1.54% 2.27% [-0.37%, 4.9%]
Do not know 16 2.74% 3.09% [-0.26%, 6.4%]
No 355 60.79% 62.89% [55.37%, 70.4%]
Yes 204 34.93% 31.75% [24.66%, 38.8%]
Total 584 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 5.18, (p = 0.577). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Substance Use

‘22. Do you identify as having a substance use disorder?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Have a Substance Use Disorder Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 0 NA NA NA
Do not know 1 1.08% 2.55% [-2.7%, 7.8%]
No 56 60.22% 65.16% [47.6%, 82.7%]
Yes 36 38.71% 32.29% [15.2%, 49.4%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Have a Substance Use Disorder Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Choose not to answer 7 1.20% 1.68% [-1.5%, 4.9%]
Do not know 5 0.86% 1.07% [-0.3%, 2.5%]
No 280 48.03% 52.10% [44.3%, 59.9%]
Yes 291 49.91% 45.15% [37.4%, 52.9%]
Total 583 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 9.15, (p = 0.305). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Eviction

Ever Evicted

Imputed based on ‘15. Have you ever been evicted from a rental property?’ [UWRDS] and ‘Now think about the last place you lived, before you moved to your current residence. Were you forcibly evicted from that last place you lived?’ [UWRDS-PSD]

Sheltered
Ever Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 76 74.51% 74.51% [57.6%, 91.5%]
Yes 26 25.49% 25.49% [8.5%, 42.4%]
Total 102 - - -
Unsheltered
Ever Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 485 75.43% 75.30% [68.7%, 81.9%]
Yes 158 24.57% 24.70% [18.1%, 31.3%]
Total 643 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 0.03, (p = 0.946). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Age at Eviction

Imputed based on ‘15.1 How old were you? (please enter a number, for example: 30) [if yes to ’15. Have you ever been evicted from a rental property?’]’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 136 28 30.15 1.07 31.31 [26.68, 35.94]
Sheltered 23 31 34.78 3.23 33.48 [28.82, 38.15]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(75.99) = 0.65, (p= 0.519).

If Evicted, Ever Formally Evicted

‘15.2 Were you formally evicted by court order?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Ever Formally Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 6 27% 22% [-1.6%, 46.4%]
Yes 16 73% 78% [53.6%, 101.6%]
Total 22 - - -
Unsheltered
Ever Formally Evicted Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 79 58% 60% [44.5%, 76.4%]
Yes 57 42% 40% [23.6%, 55.5%]
Total 136 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is significant at the .05 level, *χ2 = 11.91, (p = 0.013). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Sleep Status

Location Slept Previous Night

Where did you sleep last night?

Respondent’s sleep location based on ‘A. Regular residence’ in [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘7. Where did you sleep last night?’ [UWRDS]

Sheltered
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Car or RV 0 NA NA NA
Mobile home or trailer 0 NA NA NA
No residence, I sleep outdoors 0 NA NA NA
Something else 7 6.31% 6.4% [-7.51%, 20.3%]
Tent or homemade structure 0 NA NA NA
“Tiny home” 4 3.60% 2.6% [0.32%, 4.9%]
Homeless shelter or hotel 100 90.09% 91.0% [77.18%, 104.8%]
Total 111 - - -
Unsheltered
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Car or RV 159 21.26% 19.3% [14.09%, 24.4%]
Mobile home or trailer 2 0.27% 0.4% [-0.18%, 0.9%]
No residence, I sleep outdoors 252 33.69% 38.3% [31.13%, 45.4%]
Something else 80 10.70% 10.8% [6.78%, 14.8%]
Tent or homemade structure 255 34.09% 31.3% [25.33%, 37.3%]
“Tiny home” 0 NA NA NA
Homeless shelter or hotel 0 NA NA NA
Total 748 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is significant at the .05 level, *χ2 = 795.47, (p = 0). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Re-coded: Where did you sleep last night?

7. Where did you sleep last night? - Imputed

Sheltered
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Commercial property (e.g. shops) 0 NA NA NA
Did not sleep 0 NA NA NA
In a car, truck, or van (smaller vehicle) 0 NA NA NA
In a park (uncovered, like on a bench) 0 NA NA NA
In a public facility or transit (bus/train station, transit center, hospital waiting room) 0 NA NA NA
In an RV, trailer, or bus (larger vehicle) 0 NA NA NA
In an abandoned building/backyard or storage structure 0 NA NA NA
Maritime accommodation (e.g. boats, cargo) 0 NA NA NA
Outside in a tent (or tent-like structure) 0 NA NA NA
Outside, not in a tent 0 NA NA NA
Workplace 0 NA NA NA
In a hotel or motel 20 21.510% 22.58% [8.81%, 36.36%]
In an overnight shelter (e.g. mission, church, resource shelter, etc.) 63 67.740% 68.02% [49.69%, 86.35%]
Subsidized housing, housing vouchers 4 4.300% 4.51% [-5.56%, 14.57%]
Tiny homes (not self-constructed) 3 3.230% 1.81% [0.32%, 3.30%]
Transitional, supportive, or halfway housing 3 3.230% 3.08% [-9.15%, 15.32%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Sleep Location Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Commercial property (e.g. shops) 1 0.170% 0.24% [-0.52%, 1.01%]
Did not sleep 18 3.070% 2.41% [1.08%, 3.74%]
In a car, truck, or van (smaller vehicle) 81 13.820% 13.46% [7.83%, 19.09%]
In a park (uncovered, like on a bench) 19 3.240% 3.46% [2.03%, 4.88%]
In a public facility or transit (bus/train station, transit center, hospital waiting room) 41 7.000% 8.49% [4.18%, 12.79%]
In an RV, trailer, or bus (larger vehicle) 46 7.850% 6.25% [3.55%, 8.94%]
In an abandoned building/backyard or storage structure 16 2.730% 2.63% [0.03%, 5.23%]
Maritime accommodation (e.g. boats, cargo) 3 0.510% 0.68% [0.09%, 1.27%]
Outside in a tent (or tent-like structure) 194 33.110% 29.92% [23.16%, 36.67%]
Outside, not in a tent 166 28.330% 32.32% [24.12%, 40.51%]
Workplace 1 0.170% 0.16% [0.12%, 0.20%]
In a hotel or motel 0 NA NA NA
In an overnight shelter (e.g. mission, church, resource shelter, etc.) 0 NA NA NA
Subsidized housing, housing vouchers 0 NA NA NA
Tiny homes (not self-constructed) 0 NA NA NA
Transitional, supportive, or halfway housing 0 NA NA NA
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is significant at the .05 level, *χ2 = 643.36, (p = 0). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Experience of Homelessness

First Year Experiencing Homelessness

‘10. What year was your first experience of homelessness?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 583 2013 2009.49 0.50 2009.48 [2007.02, 2011.93]
Sheltered 91 2016 2011.80 1.35 2011.36 [2006.36, 2016.37]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(356.8) = 0.66, (p= 0.508).

Time Experiencing Homelessness

Imputed based on ‘About how long have you been homeless’ [UWRDS-PSD] and ‘17. How long have you been homeless this time?’ [UWRDS-PSD]

Sheltered
Duration Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Above one year 64 61.54% 57.16% [38.35%, 75.97%]
Choose not to answer 3 2.88% 3.34% [-6.07%, 12.75%]
Do not know 0 NA NA NA
Less than a month 3 2.88% 4.14% [-7.80%, 16.08%]
More than a month but Less than a year 34 32.69% 35.36% [18.03%, 52.69%]
Total 104 - - -
Unsheltered
Duration Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Above one year 540 77.25% 75.37% [69.00%, 81.73%]
Choose not to answer 2 0.29% 0.23% [-0.37%, 0.83%]
Do not know 6 0.86% 0.76% [-0.03%, 1.56%]
Less than a month 29 4.15% 5.26% [1.64%, 8.88%]
More than a month but Less than a year 122 17.45% 18.38% [12.69%, 24.07%]
Total 699 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is significant at the .05 level, *χ2 = 33.12, (p = 0.034). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Days Homeless in Past Three Years

‘If you added up all the times you have been homeless in the last 3 years, about how long have you been homeless? - Imputed Total Days’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 586 1095.0 862.15 14.23 843.09 [779.91, 906.28]
Sheltered 93 730.5 671.18 44.46 660.19 [495.66, 824.71]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is significant at the .05 level, t(366.75) = -2.03, (p= 0.043).

Number of Times Homeless in Past Three Years

‘18. Including this time, how many different times have you been homeless in the past 3 years, that is since April 2020?’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Times Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
1 time 67 72.04% 65.80% [42.76%, 88.84%]
2 times 11 11.83% 14.94% [-7.34%, 37.22%]
3 times 1 1.08% 2.55% [-0.78%, 5.88%]
4 or more times 9 9.68% 9.88% [-2.88%, 22.65%]
Choose not to answer 2 2.15% 1.21% [0.23%, 2.20%]
Do not know 3 3.23% 5.61% [-6.31%, 17.53%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Times Homeless Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
1 time 396 67.69% 67.68% [60.61%, 74.76%]
2 times 80 13.68% 14.19% [8.27%, 20.11%]
3 times 38 6.50% 7.26% [4.05%, 10.47%]
4 or more times 58 9.91% 8.41% [4.78%, 12.03%]
Choose not to answer 3 0.51% 0.97% [0.07%, 1.86%]
Do not know 10 1.71% 1.50% [0.32%, 2.67%]
Total 585 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 10.01, (p = 0.565). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Experiencing Chronic Homelessness

Binary imputed variable for HUD’s chronic homelessness designation

Sheltered
Experiencing Chronic Homelessness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 48 51.6% 62.4% [44.0%, 80.8%]
Yes 45 48.4% 37.6% [19.2%, 56.0%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Experiencing Chronic Homelessness Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No 203 34.6% 39.6% [31.6%, 47.7%]
Yes 383 65.4% 60.4% [52.3%, 68.4%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is significant at the .05 level, *χ2 = 18.17, (p = 0). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Connections

Number of Estimated Homeless People Known

Outside of your family living with you, how many people do you personally know who are unhoused or experiencing homelessness? - Imputed

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 727 12 78.52 28.68 84.77 [-50.14, 219.69]
Sheltered 107 5 33.23 11.37 20.65 [7.59, 33.71]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(0.26) = -0.93, (p= 0.72).

Number of Named Homeless People Known

Number of named non-household contacts

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 748 3 4.18 0.16 1.87 [1.57, 2.18]
Sheltered 111 3 4.13 0.44 1.77 [1.06, 2.48]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(437.75) = -0.93, (p= 0.354).

Number of Household Members

Imputed count of household members based on ‘27. Please list the initials of all the people in your household.’

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 588 0 0.53 0.04 0.48 [0.36, 0.61]
Sheltered 93 0 0.96 0.20 0.57 [0.28, 0.86]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(366.07) = 0.53, (p= 0.599).

Number of Coupons Distributed

Total number of individuals the respondent referred who took the survey

Sleep Status Sample N Sample Median Sample Mean Sample SE RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
Unsheltered 746 3 2.88 0.02 2.86 [2.76, 2.96]
Sheltered 111 3 2.91 0.04 2.89 [2.58, 3.2]

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, t(439.32) = 0.17, (p= 0.863).

Benefits

Veteran Affairs Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice Veteran’s Administration (VA)’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving VA Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 85 91.4% 92.6% [89.1%, 96.2%]
Yes 8 8.6% 7.4% [3.8%, 10.9%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving VA Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 575 98.1% 98.7% [98.0%, 99.4%]
Yes 11 1.9% 1.3% [0.6%, 2.0%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 14.43, (p = 0.201). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Disability Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice WA Aged, Blind, or Disabled cash assistance’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving Disability Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 84 90.3% 95.4% [91.4%, 99.4%]
Yes 9 9.7% 4.6% [0.6%, 8.6%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving Disability Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 540 92.2% 91.8% [87.8%, 95.8%]
Yes 46 7.8% 8.2% [4.2%, 12.2%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 1.6, (p = 0.417). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Housing Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’WA Housing and Essential Needs program’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving Housing Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 89 95.70% 98.4% [97.3%, 99.6%]
Yes 4 4.30% 1.6% [0.4%, 2.7%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving Housing Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 565 96.42% 97.1% [95.9%, 98.4%]
Yes 21 3.58% 2.9% [1.6%, 4.1%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 0.57, (p = 0.781). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

SSI Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), or other social security benefit’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving SSI Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 71 76.3% 81.8% [67.4%, 96.1%]
Yes 22 23.7% 18.2% [3.9%, 32.6%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving SSI Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 491 83.8% 84.1% [78.8%, 89.3%]
Yes 95 16.2% 15.9% [10.6%, 21.2%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 0.34, (p = 0.548). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Medicaid Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Medicaid (in Washington state, this is Apple Health)’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving Medicaid Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 44 47.3% 48.2% [28.6%, 67.9%]
Yes 49 52.7% 51.8% [32.1%, 71.4%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving Medicaid Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 269 45.9% 50.6% [42.7%, 58.5%]
Yes 317 54.1% 49.4% [41.5%, 57.3%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 0.19, (p = 0.684). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Medicare Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice Medicare’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving Medicare Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 81 87.1% 92% [86.9%, 97.2%]
Yes 12 12.9% 8% [2.8%, 13.1%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving Medicare Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 519 88.6% 88% [84.4%, 91.6%]
Yes 67 11.4% 12% [8.4%, 15.6%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 1.38, (p = 0.516). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Indian Health Service Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? (Select all that apply) - Selected Choice: ’Indian Health Services’ - Imputed with text response.’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving IHS Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 91 97.85% 98.55% [97.20%, 99.91%]
Yes 2 2.15% 1.45% [0.09%, 2.80%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving IHS Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 574 97.95% 98.87% [98.17%, 99.58%]
Yes 12 2.05% 1.13% [0.42%, 1.83%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 0.07, (p = 0.84). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*

Other Benefits

‘13. Are you receiving any of the following benefits? - Other - Imputed’ This variable is not included for UWRDS-PSD survey observations.

Sheltered
Receiving Other Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 58 62.4% 65.8% [44.9%, 86.7%]
Yes 35 37.6% 34.2% [13.3%, 55.1%]
Total 93 - - -
Unsheltered
Receiving Other Benefits Sample N Sample Proportion RDS II Estimate RDS II 95% CI
No or Chose Not to Answer 262 44.7% 45.1% [37.4%, 52.8%]
Yes 324 55.3% 54.9% [47.2%, 62.6%]
Total 586 - - -

The difference between individual sheltered and unsheltered is not significant, *χ2 = 14.73, (p = 0.283). These results were calculated based on the mean of 1000 bootstrapped tests. This value was calculated with replacement.*